Ramkali

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Prahar – 8 (3am – 6am)

Thaat – Bhairav

Aroha – S G m P d N S’

Avaroha – S’ N d P M P d n d P G m r S

Pakad – d P-, M P-, d n d P- G m r- S

Vadi Swar – PA (P)

Samvadi Swar – Komal RE (r)

Notation Symbols Explained

Symbol	Meaning	Western Equivalent
S	SA	C
r	Komal RE (flat Re)	D♭ (C#)
R	RE (natural Re)	D
g	Komal GA (flat Ga)	E♭ (D#)
G	GA (natural Ga)	E
m	MA (natural Ma)	F
M	Tivra MA (sharp Ma)	F# (G♭)
P	PA	G
d	Komal DHA (flat Dha)	A♭ (G#)
D	DHA (natural Dha)	A
n	Komal NI (flat Ni)	B♭ (A#)
N	NI (natural Ni)	B

Octave Indicators

Symbol	Meaning	Example
( ‘ ) before a note	Denotes the lower octave	‘S = Lower SA
( ‘ ) after a note	Denotes the upper octave	S’ = Upper SA

Timing and Pauses

Symbol	Meaning	Example
( – ) after note	The note should be elongated	S- = Hold the SA note
( , ) after note	Indicates a pause before next note	S , R = Pause before RE

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