Sargam

The term “sargam” in Indian classical music has a literal meaning, representing the first four notes of the Indian scale: SA, RE, GA, MA. However, its significance goes beyond mere note names. Sargam refers to the melodic rendition of a musical phrase...

Taan

The term “taan” in Indian classical music is derived from the root “ton,” which means ‘to spread’. Taan plays a crucial role in defining the distinctiveness of a raga and offers numerous possibilities for further exploration and...

Antara

In both vocal and instrumental compositions, the antara signifies the second and often concluding part. Its name is derived from the root word “antar,” meaning “difference.” As the name suggests, it brings about a distinction from the asthayee section. The antara...

Asthayee

The asthayee, which constitutes the initial section of both vocal and instrumental compositions, derives its name from the root verb “Sthaa,” meaning “to stay.” The term “Sthayee” serves as the noun form, signifying “that which is stable,” and from it emerges the...

Laya

Laya is often described as the heartbeat of Indian classical music. It is the rhythmic pulse that underlies all musical compositions, guiding the performer and listener through intricate patterns of time. Just as the heartbeat is vital for life, laya is indispensable...