In the timeless cadence of Indian classical music, each prahara unfolds like a melody of well-being. Just as the rising sun heralds a new prahara, so too does the music guide us through the rhythms of our lives. The tranquil alaap mirrors the peaceful dawn, invoking a sense of serenity and balance. As the tempo quickens with the day’s progression, so do our energies align with the dynamic beats of the tabla and mridangam, resonating with vitality and purpose. With each note, we find ourselves immersed in a harmonious journey, where the nuances of ragas and taals echo the ebb and flow of time, nurturing our spirits and fostering a deeper connection with ourselves and the world around us. Embracing the essence of every prahara, Indian classical music becomes not just a melody, but a timeless symphony of well-being.

In Indian classical music, the concept of time holds immense significance. The 24-hour day is divided into eight segments called “Prahar,” each lasting approximately three hours. These Prahar delineate specific periods of the day, and they play a crucial role in shaping the mood, emotions, and aesthetic characteristics of the music performed during those times. Each Prahar is associated with a particular energy, ambiance, and emotional expression, creating a musical journey that mirrors the ebb and flow of daily life.

Purvanha

Prahar 1:(6:00 AM – 9:00 AM)

A. Description of the morning Prahar and its association with the sunrise:

– The first Prahara marks the early hours of the morning, beginning around 6:00 AM.
– It is associated with the majestic beauty of the sunrise and the emergence of a new day.
– The atmosphere is filled with a sense of freshness, serenity, and optimism.

B. Representation of the divine energy and freshness of the early morning:

– Prahar 1 symbolizes the awakening of nature and the infusion of divine energy.
– It captures the rejuvenating and invigorating qualities of the morning hours.
– The musical renditions during this Prahara reflect the vitality and vibrancy of the day’s beginning.

C. Musical compositions and ragas commonly performed during this Prahar:

– Ragas such as Ahir Bhairav and Nat Bhairav are commonly performed during Prahar 1.
– Compositions that evoke the essence of the morning, depicting nature, and invoking spiritual devotion are favored.
– Artists often choose melodious and gentle compositions to align with the peaceful ambiance of the early morning.

D. Mood and aesthetic characteristics associated with Prahar 1:

– The mood of Prahar 1 is characterized by tranquility, optimism, and a sense of anticipation.
– The music conveys a serene and meditative quality, soothing the listeners’ minds.
– Aesthetic elements such as the use of gentle melodic phrases, graceful improvisations, and subtle rhythmic patterns contribute to the overall atmosphere of serenity and freshness.

Emotions associated with Prahar 1

1. Peaceful: The early morning ragas evoke a sense of peace and calmness, reflecting the stillness of the dawn.
2. Meditative: The environment during this time is conducive to introspection and meditation, and the ragas performed resonate with this contemplative mood.
3. Spiritual: The Brahma Muhurta is considered an auspicious time for spiritual activities, and the ragas performed during this prahar often evoke a sense of devotion and spirituality.
4. Devotional: The mood of the ragas may be imbued with a devotional quality, invoking a sense of reverence and connectivity to a higher power.
5. Melancholic (Shanta Rasa): Some ragas played during this time may carry a touch of melancholy, reminiscent of the fleeting beauty of the early morning and the realization of impermanence.
6. Hopeful: As the first light of day breaks, there is a feeling of hope and anticipation, which might be reflected in the emotional quality of the ragas.
7. Refreshing: The dawn brings a sense of renewal and freshness, and the ragas performed in this prahar often mirror this rejuvenating quality.

Madhyanha

Prahar 2:(9:00 AM – 12:00 PM)

A. Transition from the morning to the mid-day Prahar:

– Prahar 2 marks the transition from the early morning to the mid-day hours, usually starting around 9:00 AM.
– It represents the gradual progression of the day and the increase in energy and intensity.

B. Exploring the expansion and intensity of musical expressions:

– Prahar 2 allows for the exploration of more expansive and dynamic musical expressions.
– Artists delve into intricate melodic patterns, intricate rhythmic variations, and complex improvisations.
– The music gains momentum and intensity, reflecting the rising energy of the day.

C. Ragas and compositions suited for this part of the day:

– Ragas such as Todi and Bilaskhani Todi are commonly performed during Prahar 2.
– Compositions with faster tempo and complex rhythmic structures are chosen to match the energetic ambiance.

D. Emotional and aesthetic qualities emphasized during Prahar 2:

– The emotional emphasis of Prahar 2 lies in the expression of joy, enthusiasm, and liveliness.
– The music evokes a sense of dynamism, with vibrant improvisations and intricate rhythmic interplay.
– Aesthetic aspects such as intricate melodic ornamentations, fast-paced taans (musical phrases), and rhythmic virtuosity contribute to the overall energetic and intense atmosphere of Prahar 2.

Emotions associated with Prahar 2

1. Uplifting: The morning ragas performed during this time evoke a feeling of upliftment and energy, mirroring the freshness of the new day.
2. Joyful: As the sun rises, there is a sense of joy and celebration in the air, and the ragas played during this prahar capture this cheerful mood.
3. Energetic: The beginning of the day is associated with renewed energy and enthusiasm, and the ragas express this vitality and dynamism.
4. Invigorating: The musical compositions may have a stimulating effect, revitalizing both the performer and the listener.
5. Optimistic: The morning hours represent a new beginning, fostering a sense of optimism and hope, which resonates with the emotional aspect of the ragas.
6. Playful: Some ragas performed during this prahar may carry a playful quality, reflecting the spirit of playfulness and creativity.|
7. Clear and Crisp: The atmosphere is often clear and fresh during this time, and the ragas may mirror this clarity in their melodic structures.
8. Arousing Curiosity: The early hours of the day awaken curiosity and a sense of wonder, which can be reflected in the emotional expressions of the ragas.

Aparanha

Prahar 3:(12:00 PM – 3:00 PM)

A. Mid-day Prahara and its connection with the peak of the day:

– Prahar 3 corresponds to the mid-day hours, representing the peak of the day’s energy and intensity.
– It is a time when the sun is at its zenith, and the surroundings are filled with vibrant energy.

B. Exploring the various facets of rhythm and percussion instruments:

– Prahar 3 provides an opportunity to showcase the rhythmic aspects of Indian classical music.
– Percussion instruments such as tabla and pakhawaj play a significant role in creating intricate rhythmic patterns and improvisations.
– The artists emphasize rhythmic complexities and explore the interplay between melodic and percussive elements.

C. Ragas and compositions associated with the energy and dynamism of noon:

– Ragas like Dhani and Shuddh Sarang are commonly performed during Prahar 3.
– These ragas capture the essence of the noon-time energy, showcasing both the vibrant and introspective aspects.

D. Aesthetic aspects and emotional nuances highlighted during Prahar 3:

– Prahar 3 evokes a sense of dynamism, power, and intensity in the music.
– Artists focus on presenting intricate rhythmic patterns, showcasing their mastery over complex taal (rhythm cycles).
– Emotional nuances can vary, ranging from energetic and lively expressions to introspective and contemplative moods, reflecting the diverse shades of mid-day emotions.
– The aesthetic appeal lies in the interplay between rhythm and melody, creating a captivating and immersive musical experience.

Emotions associated with Prahar 3

1. Cheerful: The ragas performed during this time are generally lively and uplifting, reflecting the joy and vibrancy of the late morning.
2. Energetic: As the day advances, there is a surge in energy, and the ragas express this dynamism and vigor.
3. Celebratory: The late morning hours are often associated with festivities and social gatherings, and the ragas may carry a celebratory mood.
4. Optimistic: The sense of progress and productivity during this time instills optimism, which is reflected in the emotional aspect of the ragas.
5. Focused: The late morning is a time of increased concentration and attentiveness, and the ragas may evoke a sense of focus and clarity.
6. Playful: Some ragas performed during this prahar may have a playful quality, capturing the spirit of light-heartedness and creativity.
7. Expressive: The ragas may allow for greater melodic exploration and expressiveness, reflecting the expansiveness of the late morning hours.
8. Warm: The atmosphere during this time is often warm and inviting, and the ragas may carry a sense of warmth and comfort.

Sayanha

Prahar 4:(3:00 PM – 6:00 PM)

A. Transition from mid-day to the late afternoon Prahar:

– Prahar 4 marks the transition from the intensity of mid-day to the more serene late afternoon hours.
– The energy begins to mellow down, and a sense of tranquility starts to emerge.

B. Emphasizing the mood of tranquility and introspection:

– Prahar 4 focuses on creating a contemplative atmosphere and evoking a sense of inner reflection.
– The music explores the meditative aspects, allowing listeners to delve into their thoughts and emotions.

C. Ragas and compositions that evoke a sense of calmness and reflection:

– Ragas such as Multani, Madhuvanti and Marwa are often performed during Prahar 4.
– These ragas have a soothing and introspective quality, enabling artists to express emotions with subtlety.

D. The interplay of melody and rhythm during Prahar 4:

– Artists strike a balance between melodic improvisations and rhythmic structures.
– While the focus remains on the melodic aspects, rhythmic elements enhance the overall musical experience.

E. Aesthetic aspects and emotional expressions highlighted during Prahar 4:

– Prahar 4 emphasizes a sense of tranquility, serenity, and introspection.
– Artists explore the delicate nuances of the ragas, weaving melodic phrases that evoke a calm and reflective mood.
– The music may evoke emotions such as peace, longing, and introspection, inviting listeners to immerse themselves in a contemplative experience.

Emotions associated with Prahar 4

1. Serene: Some ragas performed during this time evoke a sense of tranquility and calmness, providing respite from the heat of the day.
2. Soothing: The emotional aspect of the ragas may have a soothing quality, offering comfort and relaxation.
3. Reflective: The midday hours often prompt introspection, and the ragas may carry a contemplative mood.
4. Melancholic (Shanta Rasa): Certain ragas played during this prahar may have a touch of melancholy, expressing the introspection and depth of emotion.
5. Cooling: The ragas may evoke a sense of coolness, providing a refreshing experience during the heat of the day.
6. Sublime: Some ragas performed during this time have a sense of grandeur and majesty, offering a profound and elevated experience.
7. Balanced: The emotional aspect of the ragas may embody a sense of equilibrium and poise, harmonizing with the environment.
8. Melodious: The afternoon ragas often feature intricate melodic structures, showcasing the beauty and artistry of Indian classical music.

Prodasha

Prahar 5:(6:00 PM – 9:00 PM)

A. Evening Prahar and its association with the twilight hours:

– Prahar 5 represents the transition from day to evening, capturing the enchanting twilight hours.
– The setting sun creates a mystical ambiance, setting the stage for a melodic and romantic musical experience.

B. Exploring the romantic and melodic aspects of Indian classical music:

– Prahar 5 places emphasis on the melodic expressions and evokes a sense of romance and beauty.
– Artists delve into intricate melodic improvisations, expressing emotions with grace and sensitivity.

C. Ragas and compositions suited for creating a contemplative and soothing atmosphere:

– Ragas such as Puriya, Kedar and Yaman are commonly performed during Prahar 5.
– These ragas have a soulful and introspective quality, lending themselves to evoking a contemplative and soothing mood.

D. Aesthetic features and emotional expressions highlighted during Prahar 5:

– Prahar 5 accentuates the aesthetic elements of Indian classical music, emphasizing the beauty of melodic phrases and intricate ornamentations.
– Artists explore emotions such as love, longing, and devotion, captivating the listeners with heartfelt expressions.

E. Creating a contemplative and soothing atmosphere:

– The music of Prahar 5 creates a contemplative and soothing atmosphere, allowing listeners to immerse themselves in its tranquility.
– The melodic improvisations, gentle rhythmic patterns, and delicate nuances invoke a sense of calmness and introspection, transporting the audience to a serene state of mind.

Emotions associated with Prahar 5

1. Melancholic (Karuna Rasa): Some ragas performed during this time carry a sense of pathos and melancholy, reflecting the wistful mood of the late afternoon.
2. Yearning: The emotional aspect of the ragas may evoke a sense of longing and yearning, expressing the deep emotions associated with this transitional period.
3. Nostalgic: The late afternoon may trigger feelings of nostalgia, and the ragas performed during this prahar can convey a sense of reminiscence and reflection.
4. Romantic: Certain ragas played during this time may carry a romantic quality, encapsulating the poetic beauty of the setting sun.
5. Expressive: The ragas may allow for greater melodic exploration and expressiveness, enabling artists to convey a wide range of emotions.
6. Somber: As the day progresses towards evening, the ragas may embody a sense of solemnity and gravity.
7. Peaceful: Despite the emotional depth, some ragas performed during this prahar may evoke a sense of peace and tranquility.
8. Introspective: The late afternoon hours encourage introspection, and the emotional aspect of the ragas may reflect this inner contemplation.

Nishita

Prahar 6:(9:00 PM – 12:00 AM)

A. Transition from evening to the late-night Prahar:

– Prahar 6 marks the transition from the evening hours to the late-night period, where the ambiance becomes more mystical and introspective.
– As the night deepens, the music explores profound depths and spiritual dimensions.

B. Exploring the mystical and introspective dimensions of music:

– Prahar 6 delves into the mystical aspects of Indian classical music, aiming to evoke a sense of transcendence and inner reflection.
– Artists emphasize the introspective qualities of the ragas and compositions, invoking a contemplative and meditative experience.

C. Ragas and compositions associated with devotion and spirituality:

– Ragas such as Jaijawant, Desh and Jog are commonly performed during Prahar 6.
– These ragas possess a deep spiritual and devotional essence, allowing the artist to express sentiments of surrender, longing, and devotion.

D. Aesthetic qualities and emotional depth emphasized during Prahar 6:

– Prahar 6 accentuates the aesthetic aspects of Indian classical music, focusing on the intricate nuances, microtonal variations, and profound emotional expressions.
– Artists aim to create a connection between the performer, the music, and the audience, evoking a sense of profound introspection and spiritual experience.

E. Embracing devotion and spirituality:

– The music of Prahar 6 creates an atmosphere of devotion and spirituality, immersing listeners in a realm beyond the material world.
– The melodic improvisations, intricate rhythmic patterns, and heartfelt renditions lead the audience on a transformative journey of inner exploration and divine connection.

Emotions associated with Prahar 6

1. Romantic: The evening ragas performed during this time evoke a sense of romance and love, mirroring the poetic beauty of the setting sun.
2. Melancholic (Karuna Rasa): Some ragas played during this prahar may carry a touch of melancholy, expressing the bittersweet feelings of the approaching night.
3. Expressive: The ragas allow for greater melodic exploration, enabling artists to convey a wide range of emotions and subtle nuances.
4. Pensive: As the day transitions into night, there may be a sense of introspection and thoughtfulness, which may be mirrored in the emotional aspect of the ragas.
5. Devotional: The evening hours are often considered conducive to devotion and prayer, and the ragas may carry a devotional and spiritual mood.
6. Majestic: Certain ragas performed during this time have a sense of grandeur and majesty, evoking a feeling of awe and reverence.
7. Serene: Despite the emotional depth, some ragas played during this prahar may evoke a sense of peace and tranquility, aligning with the calming ambiance of the evening.
8. Expressing the beauty of nature: Some ragas are specifically associated with the evening and are known for portraying the beauty of nature at dusk.

Triyama

Prahar 7:(12:00 AM – 3:00 AM)

A. Late-night Prahar and its connection with the depth of darkness:

– Prahar 7 represents the late-night hours, characterized by the profound darkness and stillness of the night.
– It is a time when the world is enveloped in silence, offering an opportunity for deep introspection and spiritual exploration.

B. Exploring the meditative and introspective aspects of Indian classical music:

– Prahar 7 delves into the meditative qualities of music, inviting listeners to embark on a journey of self-discovery and inner peace.
– The focus shifts towards introspection, allowing the artist and the audience to connect with the essence of their being.

C. Ragas and compositions that evoke a sense of tranquility and serenity:

– Ragas such as Chandrakauns and Darbari Kannada are commonly performed during Prahar 7.
– These ragas evoke a sense of tranquility, serenity, and profound stillness, providing a space for deep contemplation and spiritual awakening.

D. Aesthetic features and emotional expressions highlighted during Prahar 7:

– Prahar 7 emphasizes the aesthetic aspects of Indian classical music, focusing on delicate ornamentations, intricate melodic phrases, and subtle emotional expressions.
– The artist seeks to create a serene and ethereal atmosphere, where the music transcends the boundaries of time and space.

E. Embracing tranquility and serenity:

– The music of Prahar 7 transports the listeners to a state of tranquility and serenity, allowing them to experience a sense of inner peace and harmony.
– Through the mesmerizing melodies, gentle rhythms, and contemplative improvisations, the audience is encouraged to let go of external distractions and connect with their innermost being.

Emotions associated with Prahar 7

1. Meditative: The ragas performed during this time are often meditative and introspective, inviting a contemplative mood.
2. Serene: The late-night ragas evoke a sense of serenity and calmness, mirroring the peacefulness of the night.
3. Melancholic (Shanta Rasa): Some ragas played during this prahar carry a touch of melancholy, expressing the profound emotions of the night.
4. Devotional: The late-night hours are considered conducive to spiritual contemplation, and the ragas may carry a devotional and mystical mood.
5. Romantic: Certain ragas performed during this time evoke a sense of romance and yearning, reminiscent of the romanticism associated with the night.
6. Mystic: The emotional aspect of the ragas may have a sense of mystery and enigma, reflecting the depth and complexity of the late hours.
7. Nostalgic: The night often prompts feelings of nostalgia, and the ragas may evoke a sense of longing and introspection.
8. Peaceful: Despite the emotional depth, some ragas played during this prahar may evoke a sense of inner peace and contentment.

Usha

Prahar 8:(3:00 AM – 6:00 AM)

A. Transition from the late-night to the early morning Prahar:

– Prahar 8 marks the transition from the depth of the night to the early hours of the morning, symbolizing the awakening of a new day.
– It represents the mystical and ethereal period before sunrise, where the world is shrouded in a serene and spiritual aura.

B. Emphasizing the mystical and ethereal qualities of music:

– Prahar 8 explores the transcendental aspects of Indian classical music, delving into its mystical and otherworldly nature.
– The focus is on creating an atmosphere of spiritual elevation and connecting with the divine through melodic improvisations and soul-stirring renditions.

C. Ragas and compositions suited for creating a sense of transcendence and spirituality:

– Ragas such as Bhairav and Lalit are often performed during Prahar 8, known for their ability to evoke a sense of transcendence and spiritual bliss.
– These ragas are characterized by their serene and contemplative nature, guiding the listeners towards a state of higher consciousness.

D. Aesthetic aspects and emotional nuances highlighted during Prahar 8:

– Prahar 8 accentuates the ethereal beauty of Indian classical music, emphasizing delicate nuances, subtle microtonal variations, and graceful melodic phrases.
– The music evokes a sense of timelessness, transporting the listeners to a realm beyond the physical world, where emotions are expressed with utmost purity.

E. Embracing transcendence and spirituality:

– The music of Prahar 8 aims to create a sense of transcendence and spiritual awakening, allowing the listeners to experience a deep connection with the divine.
– Through the mesmerizing melodies, introspective improvisations, and a sense of boundless expansiveness, the music invites the audience to embark on a spiritual journey, transcending earthly limitations.

F. Welcoming the dawn and the new beginnings:

– As Prahar 8 comes to a close, it signifies the arrival of dawn and the birth of a new day filled with hope and possibilities.
– The serene and ethereal music of this prahar sets the stage for the awakening of the world, infusing it with a sense of renewed energy and spiritual rejuvenation.

Emotions associated with Prahar 8

1. Meditative: The late-night ragas evoke a sense of deep meditation and contemplation, aligning with the quietude of the late hours.
2. Serene: The emotional aspect of the ragas may have a serene and calming quality, reflecting the peacefulness of the late night.
3. Mystic: Some ragas performed during this prahar carry a sense of mystery and mysticism, offering a connection to the spiritual realm.
4. Transcendent: The ragas may evoke feelings of transcendence and spiritual elevation, transporting listeners to a higher plane of consciousness.
5. Yearning: The late-night hours can prompt feelings of longing and introspection, and the ragas may express these emotions.
6. Melancholic (Shanta Rasa): Certain ragas played during this prahar may carry a touch of melancholy, expressing the profound emotions of the late night.
7. Soulful: The emotional aspect of the ragas may be deeply soulful and introspective, touching the depths of emotions within the listener.
8. Peaceful: Despite the emotional depth, some ragas performed during this prahar may evoke a sense of inner peace and contentment.

PRAHAR